Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team References

Recent Publications 2006-2008

• Elliot AJ, Smith GE. Primary care: the cornerstone of public health surveillance. RCGP News. June 2008.
• Pebody RG, Hippisley-Cox J, Harcourt S, Pringle M, Painter M, Smith G. Uptake of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in at-risk populations in England and Wales 1999-2005. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:360-9.
• Meyer N, McMenamin J, Robertson C, Donaghy M, Allardice G, Cooper D. A multi-data source surveillance system to detect a bioterrorism attack during the G8 Summit in Scotland. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:876-85.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, Regan M, Large S, Groenewegen PP. Tracking the spatial diffusion of influenza and norovirus using telehealth data: a spatiotemporal analysis of syndromic data. BMC Med. 2008;6:16.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, Chinemana F, Joseph C, Loveridge P, Sebastionpillai P, Gerard E, Zambon M. Linking syndromic surveillance with virological self-sampling. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:222-4.
• Smith G, Hippisley-Cox J, Harcourt S, Heaps M, Painter M, Porter A, Pringle M. Developing a national primary care-based early warning system for health protection--a surveillance tool for the future? Analysis of routinely collected data. J Public Health (Oxf). 2007;29:75-82.
• Olowokure B, Clark L, Elliot AJ, Harding D, Fleming A. Mumps and the media: changes in the reporting of mumps in response to newspaper coverage. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:385-8.
• Kirrage D, Reynolds G, Smith GE, Olowokure B. Investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: Hereford, UK 2003. Respir Med. 2007;101:1639-44.
• Kirrage D, Hunt D, Ibbotson S, McCloskey B, Reynolds G, Hawker J, Smith GE, Olowokure B. Lessons learned from handling a large rural outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: Hereford, UK 2003. Respir Med. 2007;101:1645-51.
• Hawker J, Smith GE. Public health in practice: protecting health. In: Griffiths S, Hill A, Gillam S, eds. Public Health and Primary Care Partners in Populations Health. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press 2007:161-90.
• Harris JP, Jit M, Cooper D, Edmunds WJ. Evaluating rotavirus vaccination in England and Wales. Part I. Estimating the burden of disease. Vaccine. 2007;25:3962-70.
• Coupland C, Harcourt S, Vinogradova Y, Smith G, Joseph C, Pringle M, Hippisley-Cox J. Inequalities in uptake of influenza vaccine by deprivation and risk group: time trends analysis. Vaccine. 2007;25:7363-71.
• Cooper DL, Verlander NQ, Elliot AJ, Joseph CA, Smith GE. Can syndromic thresholds provide early warning of national influenza outbreaks? J Public Health (Oxf). 2007.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, Edmunds WJ, Joseph C, Gerard E, George RC. The contribution of respiratory pathogens to the seasonality of NHS Direct calls. J Infect. 2007;55:240-8.
• Cooper DL. Case study: The use of tele-health data for syndromic surveillance in England and Wales. In: Lombardo JS, Buckeridge DL, eds. Disease Surveillance: A Public Health Informatics Approach. Ney Jersey: Wiley 2007:335-65.
• Smith S, Smith GE, Heatlie H, Bashford JN, Ashcroft DM, Verlander NQ, Duckworth GJ, Mason B, Smyth B, Maxwell S. Reducing variation in antibacterial prescribing rates for 'cough/cold' and sore throat between 1993 and 2001: regional analyses using the general practice research database. Public health. 2006;120:752-9.
• Smith GE, Cooper DL, Loveridge P, Chinemana F, Gerard E, Verlander N. A national syndromic surveillance system for England and Wales using calls to a telephone helpline. Euro Surveill. 2006;11:220-4.
• Simms I, Fleming DM, Lowndes CM, Smith GE, Chapman RS. Surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases in general practice: a description of trends in the Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service between 1994 and 2001. Int J STD AIDS. 2006;17:693-8.
• Leonardi GS, Hajat S, Kovats RS, Smith GE, Cooper D, Gerard E. Syndromic surveillance use to detect the early effects of heat-waves: an analysis of NHS direct data in England. Soz Praventivmed. 2006;51:194-201.
• Hippisley-Cox J, Smith S, Smith G, Porter A, Heaps M, Holland R, Fenty J, Harcourt S, George R, Charlett A, Pebody RG, Painter M. QFLU: new influenza monitoring in UK primary care to support pandemic influenza planning. Euro Surveill. 2006;11:E060622 4.
• Elliot AJ, Cross KW, Smith GE, Burgess IF, Fleming DM. The association between impetigo, insect bites and air temperature: a retrospective 5-year study (1999-2003) using morbidity data collected from a sentinel general practice network database. Fam Pract. 2006;23:490-6.
• Cooper DL, Verlander NQ, Smith GE, Charlett A, Gerard E, Willocks L, O'Brien S. Can syndromic surveillance data detect local outbreaks of communicable disease? A model using a historical cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134:13-20.

Publications 2001-2005

• Doroshenko A, Cooper D, Smith G, Gerard E, Chinemana F, Verlander N, Nicoll A. Evaluation of syndromic surveillance based on National Health Service Direct derived data--England and Wales. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54 Suppl:117-22.
• Cooper DL, Smith G, Loveridge P, Chinemana F, Gerard E, Joseph C, Baker M, Mant D, Watson J, Griffiths R, Zambon M. Using self-testing to augment syndromic surveillance - United Kingdom, December 2003–January 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:186.
• Cooper D, Arnold E, Smith G, Hollyoak V, Chinemana F, Baker M, O'Brien S. The effect of deprivation, age and sex on NHS Direct call rates. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:287-91.
• Smith GE, Smith S, Heatlie H, Bashford JN, Hawker J, Ashcroft D, Millson D, Verlander NQ, Warren R. What has happened to antimicrobial usage in primary care in the United Kingdom since the SMAC report? - description of trends in antimicrobial usage using the General Practice Research Database. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004;26:359-64.
• Harcourt SE, Edwards DE, Fleming DM, Smith RL, Smith GE. How representative is the population covered by the RCGP spotter practice scheme? Using Geographical Information Systems to assess. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004;26:88-94.
• Cooper DL, Smith G, Baker M, Chinemana F, Verlander N, Gerard E, Hollyoak V, Griffiths R. National symptom surveillance using calls to a telephone health advice service--United Kingdom, December 2001-February 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53 Suppl:179-83.
• Cooper D, Chinemana F. NHS Direct derived data: an exciting new opportunity or an epidemiological headache? J Public Health (Oxf). 2004;26:158-60.
• Smith S, Smith G, Heatlie H, Bashford J, Ashcroft D, Millson D. Head lice diagnosed in general practice in the West Midlands between 1993 and 2000: a survey using the General Practice Research Database. Commun Dis Public Health. 2003;6:139-43.
• Fleming D, Harcourt S, Smith G. Influenza and adult hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in England 1989-2001. Commun Dis Public Health. 2003;6:231-7.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, O'Brien SJ, Hollyoak VA, Baker M. What can analysis of calls to NHS direct tell us about the epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections in the community? J Infect. 2003;46:101-5.
• Baker M, Smith GE, Cooper D, Verlander NQ, Chinemana F, Cotterill S, Hollyoak V, Griffiths R. Early warning and NHS Direct: a role in community surveillance? J Public Health Med. 2003;25:362-8.
• Fleming DM, Smith GE, Charlton JR, Charlton J, Nicoll A. Impact of infections on primary care--greater than expected. Commun Dis Public Health. 2002;5:7-12.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, Joseph C, Hollyoak V, Dickens J. The development of a new national surveillance system in the UK for 'influenza-like illness'. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8.
• Cooper DL, Smith GE, Hollyoak VA, Joseph CA, Johnson L, Chaloner R. Use of NHS Direct calls for surveillance of influenza--a second year's experience. Commun Dis Public Health. 2002;5:127-31.
• Chapman RS, Smith GE, Warburton F, Mayon-White RT, Fleming DM. Impact of NHS Direct on general practice consultations during the winter of 1999-2000: analysis of routinely collected data. BMJ. 2002;325:1397-8.
• Harcourt SE, Smith GE, Hollyoak V, Joseph CA, Chaloner R, Rehman Y, Warburton F, Ejidokun OO, Watson JM, Griffiths RK. Can calls to NHS Direct be used for syndromic surveillance? Commun Dis Public Health. 2001;4:178-82.