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References

1: Ladhani S, Slack MP, Heath PT, von Gottberg A, Chandra M, Ramsay ME; European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 1996-2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Mar;16(3):455-63. PubMed PMID: 20202421.

2: Ladhani S, Heath PT, Ramsay ME, Slack MP, Kibwana E, Pollard AJ, Booy R. Long-term immunological follow-up of children with haemophilus influenzae serotype b vaccine failure in the United Kingdom. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Aug 1;49(3):372-80. PubMed PMID: 19580418.

3: Ladhani S, Neely F, Heath PT, Nazareth B, Roberts R, Slack MP, McVernon J, Ramsay ME. Recommendations for the prevention of secondary Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. J Infect. 2009 Jan;58(1):3-14. Epub 2009 Jan 18. PubMed PMID: 19152980.

4: Ladhani S, Heath PT, Ramsay ME, Slack MP. Changes in antibiotic resistance rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in England and Wales over the last 20 years. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Oct;62(4):776-9. Epub 2008 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 18664478.

5: Ladhani S, Slack MP, Heys M, White J, Ramsay ME. Fall in Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) disease following implementation of a booster campaign. Arch Dis Child. 2008 Aug;93(8):665-9. Epub 2007 Oct 17. PubMed PMID: 17942585.

6: McVernon J, Andrews N, Slack M, Moxon R, Ramsay M. Host and environmental factors associated with Hib in England, 1998-2002. Arch Dis Child. 2008 Aug;93(8):670-5. Epub 2007 Sep 5. PubMed PMID: 17804596.

7: Ladhani S, Slack MP, Heath PT, Ramsay ME. Changes in ascertainment of Hib and its influence on the estimation of disease incidence in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Jul;135(5):861-7. Epub 2006 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 17092395; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2870625.

8: Cameron C, Pebody R. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to the UK childhood immunisation programme, and changes to the meningitis C and Hib schedules. Euro Surveill. 2006 Mar 2;11(3):E060302.4. PubMed PMID: 16804223.

9: McVernon J, Slack MP, Ramsay ME. Changes in the epidemiology of epiglottitis following introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in England: a comparison of two data sources. Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Jun;134(3):570-2. Epub 2005 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 16288684; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2870429.

10: McVernon J, Trotter CL, Slack MP, Ramsay ME. Trends in Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in adults in England and Wales: surveillance study. BMJ. 2004 Sep 18;329(7467):655-8. PubMed PMID: 15374916; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC517642.

11: McVernon J, Howard AJ, Slack MP, Ramsay ME. Long-term impact of vaccination on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) carriage in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2004 Aug;132(4):765-7. PubMed PMID: 15310180; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2870159.

12: McVernon J, Mitchison NA, Moxon ER. T helper cells and efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004 Jan;4(1):40-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 14720567.

13: Trotter CL, McVernon J, Andrews NJ, Burrage M, Ramsay ME. Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b after routine and catch-up vaccination. Lancet. 2003 May 3;361(9368):1523-4. PubMed PMID: 12737867.

14: McVernon J, Andrews N, Slack MP, Ramsay ME. Risk of vaccine failure after Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccines with acellular pertussis. Lancet. 2003 May 3;361(9368):1521-3. PubMed PMID: 12737866.

15: Trotter CL, Ramsay ME, Slack MP. Rising incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in England and Wales indicates a need for a second catch-up vaccination campaign. Commun Dis Public Health. 2003 Apr;6(1):55-8. PubMed PMID: 12736974.

16: Ladhani SN, Davila S, Hibberd ML, Heath PT, Ramsay ME, Slack MP, Pollard AJ, Booy R. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Mal/TIRAP and interleukin-10 genes and susceptibility to invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection in immunized children. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Oct 1;51(7):761-7. PubMed PMID: 20804371.

17: Ladhani S, Borrow R, Heath PT, Ramsay ME, Booy R. Low serum serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody concentrations in young children with Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine failure. Vaccine. 2010 Jun 17;28(28):4440-4. Epub 2010 Apr 28. PubMed PMID: 20433801.

18: Ladhani S, Heath PT, Aibara RJ, Ramsay ME, Slack MP, Hibberd ML, Pollard AJ, Moxon ER, Booy R. Long-term complications and risk of other serious infections following invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype b disease in vaccinated children. Vaccine. 2010 Mar 2;28(10):2195-200. Epub 2010 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 20056189.

19: Ladhani S, Heath PT, Slack MP, McIntyre PB, Diez-Domingo J, Campos J, Dagan R, Ramsay ME; Participants of the European Union Invasive Bacterial Infections Surveillance Network. Haemophilus influenzae serotype b conjugate vaccine failure in twelve countries with established national childhood immunization programmes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010 Jul;16(7):948-54. Epub 2009 Nov 4. PubMed PMID: 19889054.

20: Trotter CL, McVernon J, Ramsay ME, Whitney CG, Mulholland EK, Goldblatt D, Hombach J, Kieny MP; SAGE subgroup. Optimising the use of conjugate vaccines to prevent disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine. 2008 Aug 18;26(35):4434-45. Epub 2008 Jun 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 18617296.

21: Ladhani S, Ramsay ME, Chandra M, Slack MP; EU-IBIS. No evidence for Haemophilus influenzae serotype replacement in Europe after introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 May;8(5):275-6. PubMed PMID: 18471770.

22: Oh SY, Griffiths D, John T, Lee YC, Yu LM, McCarthy N, Heath PT, Crook D, Ramsay M, Moxon ER, Pollard AJ. School-aged children: a reservoir for continued circulation of Haemophilus influenzae type b in the United Kingdom. J Infect Dis. 2008 May 1;197(9):1275-81. PubMed PMID: 18422439.

23: McVernon J, Ramsay ME, McLean AR. Understanding the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine on transmission, immunity and disease in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Jun;136(6):800-12. Epub 2007 Aug 3. PubMed PMID: 17678559; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2870866.

24: Aracil B, Slack M, Pérez-Vázquez M, Román F, Ramsay M, Campos J. Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b causing vaccine failures in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 May;44(5):1645-9. PubMed PMID: 16672388; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1479165.

25: Ramsay ME, McVernon J, Andrews NJ, Heath PT, Slack MP. Estimating Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine effectiveness in England and Wales by use of the screening method. J Infect Dis. 2003 Aug 15;188(4):481-5. Epub 2003 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 12898433.

26: Heath PT, Ramsay ME. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine--booster campaign. BMJ. 2003 May 31;326(7400):1158-9. PubMed PMID: 12775589; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1126037.

27: Heath PT, Booy R, McVernon J, Bowen-Morris J, Griffiths H, Slack MP, Moloney AC, Ramsay ME, Moxon ER. Hib vaccination in infants born prematurely. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Mar;88(3):206-10. PubMed PMID: 12598378; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1719486.

28: McVernon J, Moxon R, Heath P, Ramsay M, Slack M. Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis. Article gives timely lesson. BMJ. 2003 Feb 1;326(7383):284. PubMed PMID: 12561829; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1125148.

29: Leino T, Auranen K, Mäkelä PH, Käyhty H, Ramsay M, Slack M, Takala AK. Haemophilus influenzae type b and cross-reactive antigens in natural Hib infection dynamics; modelling in two populations. Epidemiol Infect. 2002 Aug;129(1):73-83. PubMed PMID: 12211599; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2869877.

30: Heath PT, Booy R, Azzopardi HJ, Slack MP, Fogarty J, Moloney AC, Ramsay ME, Moxon ER. Non-type b Haemophilus influenzae disease: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine era. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Mar;20(3):300-5. PubMed PMID: 11303834.

31: Ramsay M, Slack M, Kaczmarski E. Surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae infection. Surveillance data for assessing impact of vaccination are valid. BMJ. 2001 Mar 10;322(7286):613-4. PubMed PMID: 11269256; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1119801.

32: Heath PT, Booy R, Azzopardi HJ, Slack MP, Bowen-Morris J, Griffiths H, Ramsay ME, Deeks JJ, Moxon ER. Antibody concentration and clinical protection after Hib conjugate vaccination in the United Kingdom. JAMA. 2000 Nov 8;284(18):2334-40. PubMed PMID: 11066183.

33: Talbot B, Alexander E, Lewis S, Newport MJ, Slack MP, Litt DJ, Verma S, Webster DP. Hepatobiliary infections due to non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae: A case series and review of literature. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21527546.

34: Lee YC, Kelly DF, Yu LM, Slack MP, Booy R, Heath PT, Siegrist CA, Moxon RE, Pollard AJ. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine failure in children is associated with inadequate production of high-quality antibody. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jan 15;46(2):186-92. PubMed PMID: 18171249.

35: Johnson NG, Ruggeberg JU, Balfour GF, Lee YC, Liddy H, Irving D, Sheldon J, Slack MP, Pollard AJ, Heath PT. Haemophilus influenzae type b reemergence after combination immunization. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;12(6):937-41. PubMed PMID: 16707049.

36: Cerquetti M, Cardines R, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Giufré M, Bella A, Sofia T, Mastrantonio P, Slack M. Presence of multiple copies of the capsulation b locus in invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains isolated from children with Hib conjugate vaccine failure. J Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 1;192(5):819-23. Epub 2005 Jul 26. PubMed PMID: 16088831.

37: McVernon J, Morgan P, Mallaghan C, Biswas T, Natarajan M, Griffiths D, Slack M, Moxon R. Outbreak of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among fully vaccinated children in a day-care center. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Jan;23(1):38-41. PubMed PMID: 14743044.

38: McVernon J, Johnson PD, Pollard AJ, Slack MP, Moxon ER. Immunologic memory in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure. Arch Dis Child. 2003 May;88(5):379-83. PubMed PMID: 12716702; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1719572.

39: Cox RA, Slack MP. Clinical and microbiological features of Haemophilus influenzae vulvovaginitis in young girls. J Clin Pathol. 2002 Dec;55(12):961-4. PubMed PMID: 12461068; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1769841.

40: Heath PT, Booy R, Griffiths H, Clutterbuck E, Azzopardi HJ, Slack MP, Fogarty J, Moloney AC, Moxon ER. Clinical and immunological risk factors associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure in childhood. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Oct;31(4):973-80. Epub 2000 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 11049779.

41: Sarangi J, Cartwright K, Stuart J, Brookes S, Morris R, Slack M. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. Epidemiol Infect. 2000 Jun;124(3):441-7. PubMed PMID: 10982068; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2810930.

42: Leaves NI, Dimopoulou I, Hayes I, Kerridge S, Falla T, Secka O, Adegbola RA, Slack MP, Peto TE, Crook DW. Epidemiological studies of large resistance plasmids in Haemophilus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 May;45(5):599-604. PubMed PMID: 10797080.