Bacteraemia |
Published on: 15 May 2009 |
Topic Archives: 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001
Uncommon pathogens involved in bacteraemia: England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2003-2007
This review covers bacteraemia reports from laboratories in England, Wales and Northern Ireland identified from blood samples from 2003-2007. The reports were made to HPA under the voluntary reporting scheme which covers both community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteraemias. For the purposes of this report 'uncommon pathogens involved in bacteraemia' means organisms from genera with fewer than 50 bacteraemia reports in each year.
Due to the small number of reports of uncommon pathogens, details such as a recent travel history, use of an intravascular line or a history of recent surgery are not examined further here.
In 2007, a total of 3,405 reports were made of uncommon pathogens in 116 genera. Organisms from Bacteroides spp, Clostridium spp and Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently reported. A full list of all organisms with fewer than 50 reports per year is given in table 1.
For some organisms it was apparent that serum samples for antibody and antigen detection had been recorded as blood samples. All organisms that had a 'parent specimen type' of blood that were identified by antibody or antigen detection alone were removed from this report.
Discussion
The purpose of this review is to cover the unusual bacterial genera that have not been discussed in the other bacteraemia reports in the HPR this year. Although these bacteria only account for approximately 3.1-3.5% of the total bacteraemia reports between 2003-2007, they can be associated with important clinical consequences. For example, some genera, such as Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella spp. and Kingella spp. can be associated with endocarditis [1].
These reports should reflect clinically significant disease. It can be difficult, however, to distinguish true clinical bacteraemias and contamination of cultures can lead to the diagnosis of a pseudobacteraemia [2, 3]. For example, Ralstonia picketii is a rare bacteraemia [4], and this organism has previously been identified as a source of pseudobacteraemias, suggesting further investigation may be recommended if R. picketii is identified in blood culture [5]. In 2003 there were 11 reports of bacteraemias due to R. picketii which increased by a small margin in subsequent years. Molecular tools have improved the detection of the more unusual bacteria from blood and such methods have allowed the identification of new agents of severe disease such as endocarditis, however the nature of these methods requires that great care must be taken to avoid reporting contaminants [1, 5, 6].
As noted above, a number of reports for certain organisms referred to antibody detection, rather than blood culture. This is of concern as it may lead to an exaggeration of the number of bacteraemia reports. Reports of bacteraemias based on antibody- or antigen detection have been removed from this report.
These uncommon organisms have been reported in previous analyses available on the HPA website [7] and feedback is welcome. If confirmation of unusual bacterial pathogens is required, isolates can be sent to the Laboratory of Healthcare Associated Hospital Infection, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, HPA Colindale, London.
Acknowledgments
These reports would not be possible without the enduring weekly contributions from microbiology colleagues in laboratories across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, without which there would be no surveillance data. Please send any comments/feedback to hcai.amrdivision@hpa.org.uk. In addition, the support from colleagues within the HPA Centre for Infections, is valued in the preparation of the reports. These contributions are greatly appreciated.
References
1. Brouqui P and Raoult D. Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. Clin Micro Rev. 2001; 14: 177-207
2. Ochrobactrum anthropi pseudobacteraemias. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2001; 11.
3. Beebe JL, Koneman EW. Recovery of uncommon bacteria from blood: Association with neoplastic disease. Clin Micro Rev 1995; 8: 336-356.
4. Wauters G, Claeys G, Verschaegen G, De Baere T, Vandecruys E, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Vaneechoutte M. Case of catheter sepsis with Ralstonia gilardii in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Dec;39(12):4583-4),
5. D. Boutros N, Gonullu N, Casetta A, Guibert M, Ingrand D, Lebrun L. Ralstonia pickettii traced in blood culture bottles. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2666-7.PHLS.
6. PHLS. Uncommon pathogens involved in bacteraemia, England and Wales, 2001. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly [serial online] 2002; 12 (47).
7. HPA. Uncommon pathogens involved in bacteraemia: England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2001-2006, http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/1201767911870.
Table 1: Organisms associated with bacteraemia*, England, Wales and Northern Island, 2003-2007*
Genus** |
Species |
Number of bacteraemia reports |
||||
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
||
Abiotrophia spp |
|
11 |
20 |
26 |
34 |
28 |
|
Abiotrophia adjacens |
5 |
11 |
12 |
19 |
11 |
|
Abiotrophia defectiva |
3 |
4 |
6 |
11 |
11 |
Achromobacter spp |
|
9 |
19 |
17 |
36 |
62 |
Acinetobacter spp |
|
94 |
98 |
108 |
95 |
95 |
|
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (anitratus) |
37 |
34 |
24 |
36 |
21 |
|
Acinetobacter haemolyticus |
24 |
20 |
26 |
20 |
24 |
|
Acinetobacter johnsonii |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
Acinetobacter junii |
25 |
26 |
43 |
33 |
43 |
Actinobacillus spp |
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Actinobacillus ureae |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
Actinomyces spp |
|
6 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
|
Actinomyces meyeri |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Actinomyces naeslundii |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
|
Actinomyces odontolyticus |
|
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Actinomyces pyogenes |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Aerococcus spp |
|
7 |
6 |
14 |
18 |
29 |
Aeromonas spp |
|
62 |
28 |
42 |
32 |
54 |
|
Aeromonas caviae |
6 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
8 |
|
Aeromonas salmonicida |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
6 |
|
Aeromonas sobria |
12 |
8 |
14 |
6 |
5 |
|
Aeromonas veronii |
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
2 |
Agrobacterium |
|
48 |
1 |
54 |
47 |
40 |
|
Agrobacterium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) |
43 |
|
49 |
43 |
35 |
| Alcaligenes spp | 109 |
106 |
95 |
64 |
52 |
|
| Alcaligenes faecalis | 15 |
13 |
12 |
16 |
24 |
|
| Alcaligenes xylosoxidans | 46 |
43 |
39 |
23 |
16 |
|
| Anaerobiospirillum spp | 4 |
6 |
13 |
4 |
6 |
|
| Arachnia spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Arcanobacterium spp | 7 |
8 |
6 |
10 |
5 |
|
| Arcanobacterium haemolyticum | 7 |
8 |
6 |
10 |
5 |
|
| Arcobacter spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Arcobacter butzleri | 1 |
Arthrobacter spp | 0 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
| Bacillus spp | 60 |
76 |
36 |
41 |
45 |
|
| Bacillus anthracis | 1 |
|||||
| Bacillus cereus | 41 |
48 |
||||
| Bacillus circulans | 2 |
6 |
||||
| Bacillus firmus | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Bacillus licheniformis | 6 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
|
| Bacillus pumilus | 1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
|
| Bacillus sphaericus | 1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
||
| Bacillus subtilis | 3 |
1 |
2 |
|||
| Bacteroides spp | 139 |
156 |
153 |
132 |
166 |
|
| Bacteroides capillosus | 24 |
37 |
32 |
21 |
38 |
|
| Bacteroides distasonis | 7 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
13 |
|
| Bacteroides ovatus | 12 |
16 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
|
| Bacteroides splanchnicus | 1 |
3 |
||||
| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 37 |
38 |
47 |
32 |
||
| Bacteroides uniformis | 18 |
10 |
17 |
7 |
23 |
|
| Bacteroides ureolyticus (Bacteroides corrodens) | 8 |
16 |
15 |
10 |
18 |
|
| Bacteroides variabilis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Bacteroides vulgatus | 9 |
15 |
6 |
11 |
19 |
|
| Bergeyella spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
| Bergeyella zoohelcum | 1 |
|||||
| Bifidobacterium spp | 4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
7 |
|
| Bordetella spp | 3 |
3 |
7 |
6 |
21 |
|
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | 5 |
3 |
6 |
|||
| Bordetella pertussis | 3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
15 |
|
| Borrelia spp | 3 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
22 |
|
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 3 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
20 |
|
| Bergeyella spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
| Bergeyella zoohelcum | 1 |
|||||
| Bifidobacterium spp | 4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
7 |
|
| Bordetella spp | 3 |
3 |
7 |
6 |
21 |
|
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | 5 |
3 |
6 |
|||
| Bordetella pertussis | 3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
15 |
|
| Borrelia spp | 3 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
22 |
|
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 3 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
20 |
|
| Branhamella spp | 7 |
7 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
|
| Brevibacterium spp | 14 |
11 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
| Brevundimonas spp | 23 |
31 |
30 |
29 |
48 |
|
| Brevundimonas diminuta | 6 |
6 |
10 |
8 |
14 |
|
| Brevundimonas vesicularis | 17 |
25 |
20 |
20 |
30 |
|
| Brucella spp | 10 |
22 |
3 |
11 |
7 |
|
| Brucella abortus | 3 |
7 |
1 |
|||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
| Burkholderia spp | 1 |
47 |
43 |
34 |
46 |
|
| Burkholderia cepacia | 47 |
42 |
31 |
46 |
||
| Burkholderia mallei | 1 |
|||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | 1 |
3 |
||||
| Buttiauxella spp | 0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Buttiauxella agrestis | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Campylobacter spp | 63 |
71 |
27 |
77 |
41 |
|
| Campylobacter coli | 3 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
|
| Campylobacter fetus | 4 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
|
| Campylobacter jejuni | 11 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
27 |
|
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Capnocytophaga spp | 11 |
5 |
13 |
9 |
13 |
|
| Capnocytophaga ochracea | 1 |
|||||
| Cardiobacterium spp | 1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|
| Cardiobacterium hominis | 1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
| Cedecea spp | 1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
| Cedecea davisae | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Cedecea lapagei | 1 |
|||||
| Cedecea neteri | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Chromobacterium spp | 4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
| Chromobacterium violaceum | 2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
||
| Chryseobacterium spp | 33 |
26 |
34 |
49 |
48 |
|
| Chryseobacterium gleum | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Chryseobacterium indologenes | 24 |
21 |
22 |
37 |
31 |
|
| Chryseobacterium meningosepticum | 7 |
4 |
11 |
9 |
16 |
|
| Chryseomonas spp | 43 |
30 |
42 |
24 |
11 |
|
| Chryseomonas luteola | 43 |
30 |
42 |
24 |
11 |
|
| Citrobacter spp | 21 |
32 |
34 |
49 |
44 |
|
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 2 |
1 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
|
| Clostridium spp | 87 |
120 |
126 |
138 |
137 |
|
| Clostridium beijerinckii | 2 |
1 |
2 |
|||
| Clostridium bifermentans (Clostridium sordelli) | 6 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
|
| Clostridium botulinum | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Clostridium butyricum | 4 |
10 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
|
| Clostridium cadaveris | 10 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
12 |
|
| Clostridium clostridiforme | 5 |
12 |
10 |
7 |
10 |
|
| Clostridium difficile | 27 |
17 |
25 |
16 |
||
| Clostridium fallax | 4 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
8 |
|
| Clostridium glycolicum | 2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
| Clostridium histolyticum | 3 |
2 |
||||
| Clostridium innocuum | 4 |
1 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
|
| Clostridium limosum | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Clostridium novyi | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Clostridium paraputrificum | 13 |
12 |
21 |
14 |
14 |
|
| Clostridium putrificum | 2 |
|||||
| Clostridium ramosum | 18 |
12 |
25 |
25 |
27 |
|
| Clostridium sporogenes | 2 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
3 |
|
| Clostridium subterminale | 2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|
| Clostridium tertium | 7 |
9 |
14 |
18 |
11 |
|
| Clostridium tyrobutyricum | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Comamonas spp | 30 |
30 |
32 |
31 |
19 |
|
| Comamonas acidovorans | 24 |
23 |
16 |
18 |
9 |
|
| Comamonas testosteroni | 3 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
5 |
|
| Corynebacterium spp | 71 |
93 |
90 |
84 |
96 |
|
| Corynebacterium amycolatum | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Corynebacterium aquaticum | 4 |
7 |
5 |
|||
| Corynebacterium bovis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gravis | 1 |
|||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae Untyped | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Corynebacterium jeikeium | 29 |
23 |
30 |
32 |
17 |
|
| Corynebacterium minutissimum | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (C.hoffmannii) | 2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
||
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis | 1 |
|||||
| Corynebacterium striatum | 21 |
29 |
32 |
25 |
43 |
|
| Corynebacterium urealyticum | 2 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
|
| Corynebacterium xerosis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Dermabacter spp | 2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
| Dermabacter hominis | 2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
| Dialister spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Dialister pneumosintes | 1 |
|||||
| Edwardsiella spp | 2 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Edwardsiella tarda | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Eikenella spp | 8 |
7 |
12 |
7 |
9 |
|
| Eikenella corrodens | 7 |
7 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
| Empedobacter spp | 2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Empedobacter brevis | 2 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Enterobacter spp | 58 |
47 |
42 |
41 |
95 |
|
| Enterobacter amnigenus | 8 |
12 |
10 |
6 |
12 |
|
| Enterobacter gergoviae | 1 |
1 |
5 |
6 |
3 |
|
| Enterobacter intermedius | 3 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
|
| Enterobacter sakazakii | 37 |
|||||
| Enterococcus spp | 119 |
35 |
90 |
136 |
97 |
|
| Enterococcus avium | 39 |
44 |
49 |
|||
| Enterococcus casseliflavus | 21 |
28 |
35 |
33 |
39 |
|
| Enterococcus durans | 50 |
48 |
41 |
|||
| Enterococcus hirae | 4 |
3 |
3 |
7 |
||
| Enterococcus raffinosus | 5 |
4 |
8 |
6 |
10 |
|
| Erwinia spp | 0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
|
| Erwinia sp | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Erysipelothrix spp | 2 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
|
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (insidiosa) | 2 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
||
| Escherichia spp | 26 |
13 |
16 |
20 |
13 |
|
| Escherichia alkalescens (Dispar) | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Escherichia fergusonii | 5 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
|
| Escherichia hermannii | 7 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
||
| Escherichia vulneris | 1 |
3 |
3 |
6 |
1 |
|
| Eubacterium spp | 13 |
28 |
12 |
24 |
19 |
|
| Eubacterium lentum | 7 |
16 |
5 |
15 |
9 |
|
| Ewingella spp | 0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
| Ewingella americana | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Flavimonas spp | 41 |
34 |
48 |
35 |
19 |
|
| Flavimonas oryzihabitans | 41 |
34 |
48 |
35 |
19 |
|
| Flavobacterium spp | 14 |
16 |
10 |
4 |
4 |
|
| Francisella spp | 2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Fusobacterium spp | 94 |
107 |
116 |
117 |
128 |
|
| Fusobacterium mortiferum | 1 |
3 |
1 |
|||
| Fusobacterium naviforme | 1 |
|||||
| Fusobacterium necrophorum (Sphaerophus necrophorum) | 35 |
39 |
40 |
40 |
49 |
|
| Fusobacterium nucleatum | 28 |
31 |
26 |
33 |
29 |
|
| Fusobacterium varium | 1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
| Gardnerella spp | 4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| Gardnerella vaginalis | 3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| Gemella spp | 80 |
92 |
98 |
52 |
71 |
|
| Gemella haemolysans | 22 |
27 |
33 |
28 |
45 |
|
| Gemella morbillorum | 39 |
48 |
43 |
|||
| Globicatella spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
|
| Globicatella sanguis | 2 |
3 |
||||
| Haemophilus spp | 81 |
79 |
30 |
87 |
83 |
|
| Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans | 4 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
6 |
|
| Haemophilus aphrophilus | 2 |
4 |
11 |
6 |
6 |
|
| Haemophilus parahaemolyticus | 1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
||
| Haemophilus parainfluenzae | 49 |
46 |
50 |
48 |
||
| Haemophilus paraphrophilus | 2 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Haemophilus segnis | 2 |
1 |
||||
| Hafnia spp | 34 |
33 |
32 |
31 |
41 |
|
| Hafnia alvei | 32 |
33 |
31 |
31 |
39 |
|
| Helicobacter spp | 2 |
9 |
7 |
0 |
10 |
|
| Helicobacter cinaedi | 2 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
||
| Helicobacter pylori | 5 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
5 |
|
| Kingella spp | 5 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
5 |
|
| Kingella denitrificans | 1 |
|||||
| Kingella kingae | 36 |
38 |
46 |
44 |
||
| Klebsiella spp | 55 |
56 |
60 |
14 |
116 |
|
| Klebsiella edwardsii | 1 |
|||||
| Klebsiella ornithnolytica | 36 |
38 |
46 |
44 |
||
| Klebsiella ozenae | 16 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
20 |
|
| Klebsiella planticola | 2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis | 1 |
|||||
| Klebsiella terrigena | 45 |
|||||
| Kluyvera spp | 23 |
26 |
20 |
24 |
37 |
|
| Kluyvera ascorbata | 2 |
1 |
||||
| Kluyvera cryocrescens | 1 |
|||||
| Lactobacillus spp | 45 |
48 |
62 |
47 |
22 |
|
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | 2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||
| Lactobacillus brevis | 1 |
|||||
| Lactobacillus casei | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Lactobacillus catenaformis | 1 |
|||||
| Lactobacillus fermentum | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | 2 |
|||||
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus | 5 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
7 |
|
| Lactococcus spp | 32 |
46 |
38 |
54 |
63 |
|
| Lactococcus cremoris | 12 |
19 |
9 |
14 |
13 |
|
| Lactococcus lactis | 13 |
19 |
25 |
31 |
39 |
|
| Leclercia spp | 2 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
6 |
|
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | 2 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
6 |
|
| Legionella spp | 0 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
6 |
|
| Leptospira spp | 0 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
|
| Leptospira hardjo | 1 |
|||||
| Leptotrichia spp | 0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
| Leptotrichia buccalis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Leuconostoc spp | 29 |
35 |
31 |
43 |
38 |
|
| Listeria spp | 22 |
23 |
22 |
8 |
13 |
|
| Listeria innocua | 1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
||
| Micrococcus spp | 1 |
4 |
9 |
38 |
25 |
|
| Micrococcus luteus(Sarcina) | 2 |
6 |
37 |
22 |
||
| Mobiluncus spp | 1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Moraxella spp | 42 |
23 |
48 |
56 |
41 |
|
| Moraxella atlantae | 4 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
|
| Moraxella lacunata | 1 |
1 |
2 |
|||
| Moraxella nonliquefaciens | 5 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
||
| Moraxella osloensis | 12 |
8 |
15 |
17 |
6 |
|
| Moraxella phenylpyruvica | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Mycobacterium spp | 61 |
99 |
109 |
121 |
102 |
|
| Mycobacterium abscessus | 1 |
6 |
||||
| Mycobacterium africanum | 1 |
|||||
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Group(Mai) | 22 |
32 |
33 |
20 |
19 |
|
| Mycobacterium bovis (Non-BCG Strain) | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Mycobacterium chelonae | 7 |
6 |
20 |
9 |
9 |
|
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | 1 |
7 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
|
| Mycobacterium gordonae | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Mycobacterium kansasii | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Mycobacterium malmoense | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Mycobacterium peregrinum | 1 |
2 |
1 |
|||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 15 |
23 |
23 |
46 |
42 |
|
| Mycobacterium xenopi | 3 |
|||||
| Myroides spp | 0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
|
| Myroides odoratus | 1 |
5 |
||||
| Neisseria spp | 85 |
57 |
73 |
73 |
44 |
|
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 31 |
17 |
20 |
14 |
29 |
|
| Neisseria lactamica | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Neisseria mucosa | 3 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Neisseria pharyngis | 1 |
|||||
| Neisseria polysacchareae | 3 |
2 |
2 |
|||
| Neisseria sicca | 5 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
7 |
|
| Neisseria subflava | 2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
||
| Nocardia spp | 3 |
1 |
6 |
4 |
2 |
|
| Ochrobactrum spp | 50 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
|
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | 49 |
|||||
| Ochrobactrum sp | 1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
|
| Oerskovia spp | 0 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Oligella spp | 1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
| Oligella ureolytica | 1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
| Oligella urethralis | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Pantoea spp | 26 |
21 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
| Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola) | 26 |
21 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
| Pasteurella spp | 66 |
74 |
19 |
21 |
63 |
|
| Pasteurella aerogenes | 1 |
|||||
| Pasteurella haemolytica | 3 |
6 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Pasteurella multocida | 49 |
47 |
50 |
|||
| Pasteurella pneumotropica | 2 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
2 |
|
| Pediococcus spp | 4 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
|
| Peptococcus spp | 17 |
23 |
25 |
12 |
17 |
|
| Peptostreptococcus spp | 59 |
68 |
77 |
81 |
80 |
|
| Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus | 26 |
20 |
32 |
18 |
35 |
|
| Peptostreptococcus prevotti | 7 |
11 |
12 |
24 |
16 |
|
| Peptostreptococcus productus | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Plesiomonas spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
| Plesiomonas shigelloides | 2 |
1 |
||||
| Porphyromonas spp | 5 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
0 |
|
| Porphyromonas asaccharolytica | 4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
||
| Prevotella spp | 63 |
82 |
73 |
92 |
84 |
|
| Prevotella bivia | 2 |
6 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
|
| Prevotella buccae | 4 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
|
| Prevotella denticola | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Prevotella disiens | 2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
||
| Prevotella intermedia | 2 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
||
| Prevotella loescheii | 6 |
10 |
8 |
17 |
11 |
|
| Prevotella melaninogenica | 13 |
14 |
6 |
11 |
12 |
|
| Prevotella oralis | 10 |
25 |
14 |
16 |
21 |
|
| Propionibacterium spp | 13 |
0 |
50 |
36 |
48 |
|
| Propionibacterium acnes | 13 |
48 |
36 |
47 |
||
| Propionibacterium propionica | 2 |
1 |
||||
| Proteus spp | 10 |
18 |
8 |
10 |
11 |
|
| Proteus penneri | 3 |
11 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
|
| Providencia spp | 35 |
32 |
31 |
23 |
41 |
|
| Providencia alcalifaciens | 2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
||
| Providencia rettgeri (Proteus rettgeri) | 17 |
17 |
19 |
18 |
28 |
|
| Providencia rustigianii | 1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
||
| Pseudomonas spp | 82 |
29 |
27 |
38 |
7 |
|
| Pseudomonas alcaligenes | 7 |
9 |
6 |
3 |
7 |
|
| Pseudomonas stutzeri | 48 |
|||||
| Rahnella spp | 1 |
3 |
9 |
2 |
4 |
|
| Ralstonia spp | 11 |
9 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
|
| Ralstonia pickettii | 11 |
9 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
|
| Rhodococcus spp | 9 |
14 |
17 |
17 |
22 |
|
| Rhodococcus equi (Corynebacterium equi) | 2 |
|||||
| Roseomonas spp | 1 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
|
| Roseomonas gilardii | 3 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Rothia spp | 2 |
3 |
7 |
12 |
13 |
|
| Rothia dentocariosia | 2 |
3 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
|
| Salmonella spp | 60 |
79 |
47 |
79 |
112 |
|
| Salmonella agona | 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||
| Salmonella anatum | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella apapa | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella arizonae | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella blegdam | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella bovis-morbificans | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Salmonella braenderup | 2 |
|||||
| Salmonella brandenburg | 2 |
|||||
| Salmonella bredeney | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella chester | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella cholerae-suis | 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||
| Salmonella colindale | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella corvallis | 2 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella derby | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella dublin | 5 |
6 |
3 |
1 |
5 |
|
| Salmonella durham | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella eastbourne | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella enteritidis | 41 |
46 |
||||
| Salmonella essen | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella give | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella gold-coast | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella hadar | 2 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Salmonella heidelberg | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Salmonella hull | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella ibadan | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella infantis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella java | 1 |
2 |
2 |
|||
| Salmonella kentucky | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella kibusi | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella kua | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella limete | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella lingwala | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella mbandaka | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella minnesota | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella montevideo | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Salmonella muenster | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella napoli | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Salmonella newport | 3 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella ohio | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella oranienburg | 2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
| Salmonella oslo | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella panama | 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||
| Salmonella paratyphiB | 2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|
| Salmonella poona | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella richmond | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella ried | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella saint-paul | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella san-diego | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Salmonella schwarzengrund | 1 |
1 |
3 |
|||
| Salmonella stanley | 1 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
||
| Salmonella stanleyville | 1 |
|||||
| Salmonella tel-el-kebir | 2 |
|||||
| Salmonella thompson | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Salmonella typhimurium | 23 |
31 |
12 |
12 |
22 |
|
| Salmonella unnamed | 4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
||
| Salmonella virchow | 4 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
|
| Salmonella zanzibar | 1 |
|||||
| Serratia spp | 20 |
39 |
32 |
31 |
28 |
|
| Serratia ficaria | 2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
||
| Serratia fonticola | 8 |
8 |
4 |
6 |
3 |
|
| Serratia odorifera | 7 |
15 |
20 |
17 |
16 |
|
| Serratia plymuthica | 1 |
8 |
3 |
4 |
||
| Serratia proteamaculas | 1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
| Serratia rubidaea | 1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Shewanella spp | 7 |
4 |
3 |
7 |
4 |
|
| Shewanella putrefaciens (Pseudomonas putrefaciens) | 7 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
4 |
|
| Shigella spp | 1 |
3 |
6 |
4 |
6 |
|
| Shigella boydii | 1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
| Shigella flexneri | 1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||
| Shigella sonnei | 1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
||
| Sphingobacterium spp | 4 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
8 |
|
| Sphingobacterium multivorum | 3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
||
| Sphingobacterium spiritivorum | 1 |
1 |
6 |
2 |
||
| Sphingobacterium thalpophilum | 1 |
|||||
| Sphingomonas spp | 39 |
43 |
7 |
5 |
1 |
|
| Sphingomonas paucimobilis | 36 |
38 |
||||
| Staphylococcus spp | 6 |
6 |
8 |
4 |
3 |
|
| Staphylococcus saccharolyticus | 6 |
6 |
8 |
4 |
3 |
|
| Stenotrophomonas spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
10 |
|
| Stomatococcus spp | 9 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
3 |
|
| Stomatococcus mucilaginosus | 8 |
9 |
4 |
7 |
3 |
|
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Streptococcus spp | 419 |
449 |
418 |
425 |
399 |
|
| Streptococcus acidominimus | 44 |
47 |
26 |
|||
| Streptococcus alactolyticus | 3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
|
| Streptococcus anaerobic | 40 |
48 |
31 |
37 |
||
| Streptococcus anginosus(GroupA) | 18 |
26 |
22 |
20 |
41 |
|
| Streptococcus anginosus(GroupC) | 3 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
|
| Streptococcus anginosus(GroupF) | 3 |
7 |
6 |
2 |
2 |
|
| Streptococcus anginosus(GroupG) | 13 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
17 |
|
| Streptococcus anginosus(Ungroupable) | 8 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
||
| Streptococcus bovis Biotype I | 20 |
20 |
17 |
12 |
20 |
|
| Streptococcus bovis BiotypeIi (Streptococcus gallolyticus) | 14 |
13 |
12 |
16 |
11 |
|
| Streptococcus constellatus(GroupA) | 2 |
1 |
2 |
10 |
19 |
|
| Streptococcus constellatus(GroupC) | 1 |
1 |
2 |
|||
| Streptococcus constellatus(GroupF) | 3 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
||
| Streptococcus constellatus(Ungroupable) | 8 |
6 |
7 |
9 |
6 |
|
| Streptococcus dysgalactiae | 16 |
17 |
24 |
38 |
36 |
|
| Streptococcus dysgalactiae Var equisimilis | 11 |
19 |
21 |
18 |
10 |
|
| Streptococcus equi | 1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
||
| Streptococcus equinus | 12 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
8 |
|
| Streptococcus equisimilis | 31 |
22 |
9 |
10 |
7 |
|
| Streptococcus gordonii | 21 |
14 |
26 |
23 |
43 |
|
| Streptococcus Group F | 37 |
22 |
47 |
43 |
36 |
|
| Streptococcus infantarius Sp Nov | 1 |
1 |
3 |
|||
| Streptococcus mitior | 5 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
14 |
|
| Streptococcus mitis1OrI | 23 |
43 |
43 |
38 |
||
| Streptococcus mitis2OrIi | 4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
|
| Streptococcus mutans | 45 |
40 |
47 |
44 |
||
| Streptococcus sanguinis1OrI | 3 |
7 |
7 |
16 |
22 |
|
| Streptococcus sanguinis2OrIi | 1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
||
| Streptococcus sobrinus | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Streptococcus suisType1(GroupS) | 2 |
|||||
| Streptococcus suisType2(GroupR) | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Streptococcus suisUntyped | 2 |
2 |
1 |
|||
| Streptococcus uberis | 3 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
|
| Streptococcus vestibularis | 28 |
31 |
33 |
32 |
32 |
|
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus | 2 |
|||||
| Streptomyces spp | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Suttonella spp | 0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Suttonella indologenes | 1 |
|||||
| Treponema spp | 1 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
11 |
|
| Veillonella spp | 15 |
21 |
27 |
19 |
38 |
|
| Vibrio spp | 6 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
|
| Vibrio alginolyticus | 2 |
|||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 |
|||||
| Vibrio fluvialis | 1 |
2 |
||||
| Vibrio metschnikovii | 1 |
|||||
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Vibrio vulnificus | 2 |
|||||
| Weeksella spp | 2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
| Weeksella virosa | 2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
| Wolinella spp | 0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Yersinia spp | 13 |
13 |
12 |
17 |
7 |
|
| Yersinia aldovae | 1 |
|||||
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 8 |
12 |
8 |
15 |
6 |
|
| Yersinia frederiksenii | 1 |
1 |
||||
| Yersinia pseudotuberculosis | 2 |
3 |
2 |
|||
| TOTAL UNCOMMON PATHOGENS | 3035 |
3078 |
3088 |
3163 |
3405 |
|
| All pathogens associated with bactaeraemia | 87101 |
88622 |
92072 |
99879 |
111626 |
|
| % of total bactaeremias associated with uncommon pathogens | 3.5% |
3.5% |
3.4% |
3.2% |
3.1% |
|